What is summertime ozone?
You’re probably familiar with the Wasatch Front’s wintertime PM2.5 pollution, but Utah’s urban center also experiences harmful air pollution – ozone – during the summertime. Ozone is a highly reactive gas that causes damage to human lung tissue. Ground-level ozone is generated when precursor pollutants – Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) – interact with sunlight. The Northern Wasatch Front region experiences ozone concentrations that exceed Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) air quality thresholds.
FAQs
What is Utah’s responsibility to mitigate ozone?
In August 2018, the EPA designated sections of the Wasatch Front as a nonattainment area for ozone based on the 2015 National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 70 ppb. The area includes Salt Lake, Davis, as well as portions of Weber and Tooele counties. Since the Northern Wasatch Front failed to meet the 70 ppb threshold by August 2021, the area was bumped up to “Moderate” nonattainment status. As part of this designation, Utah was required to develop and submit a moderate State Implementation Plan (SIP), which included a description of how the state reduced emissions in order to meet the air quality standard.
However, as the area failed to attain the standard by the moderate attainment date of August, 2024, the area will be further redesignated as a Serious nonattainment area. As a result of this more stringent designation, the state will again need to develop a SIP amendment showing how the state will further reduce NOx and VOC emissions throughout the nonattainment area.
As part of the SIP process, the State of Utah has developed inventories of emissions for both NOx and VOCs in the Wasatch Front which can be used to explore and identify various emission sources. Rules can then be adopted to help reduce emissions from these sources, which would count towards reductions in pollutants required for the SIP.
Why focus on NOx and VOC emissions for a serious SIP?
Since the area will be further designated from “Moderate” to “Serious” status, NOx reductions will be considered along with further reductions in VOC emissions for this SIP revision.
Where do our emissions occur?
What reductions are required?
For the serious SIP revision, the Clean Air Act requires that we reduce our daily NOx and VOC emissions by 9% from our 2017 VOC emissions inventory compared to 2026, when the area is supposed to attain the standard. This means that the State is aiming to reduce daily emissions by ~7.5 tons per day during the summertime ozone season. Study of the 2017 emissions inventory is crucial to making accurate VOC emissions reductions.
What VOC controls already exist?
Many sources of pollution are already regulated through past SIPs and other rulemaking efforts.
Use this chart to explore different levels of emissions controls and reductions applied to area sources. Note that this chart only applies to area sources; nonroad mobile, onroad mobile, and point sources are not displayed and only to VOC emissions. Similar rules exist to reduce NOx emissions but are not included in this chart.
- Potential to Be Controlled: These emissions sources are not yet subject to emissions control measures or have the potential to be further controlled.
- No Further Action: These emissions sources are already subject to the best available control measures or other emissions reduction rulemaking. No further action can be taken to reduce even more emissions.
- No Feasible Controls Known: These emissions sources are either technologically impossible to control, or they are economically infeasible to control.
What is an Inventory?
An emissions inventory is a detailed accounting or estimate of air emissions from a wide array of sources. Our inventory is broken down into sectors of similar emission types:
- Solvents from area sources
- On-road and non-road vehicles
- Nonpoint (area)
- Large point sources
- Airports
- Rail and train emissions
- Agriculture and electric generating units
Sectors are broken down further into individual emission types called Source Classification Codes (SCC’s) and can include things like lawnmowers, natural gas used in homes, and many more. It is important to remember an inventory is a snapshot in time, representing our best guess as to the emissions at the time the inventory was compiled. It is always improving and evolving.
Questions?
Ryan Bares ([email protected])
Lexie Wilson ([email protected])